English – United States

Lead

LEAD DOSSIER
Name: Lead (Pb).
Use: batteries, old paint and previously gasoline, hobbies, solder.
Source: home, paint, dust, kids-hands to mouth, and workplace.
Recommended daily intake: none (not essential).
Absorption: intestine (50% kids, 10% adults), inhalation.
Sensitive individuals: fetus, children, and women of childbearing age.
Toxicity/symptoms: developmental and nervous system, lowered IQ, memory and learning difficulties, behavioral problems.
Regulatory facts: CDC action level for children 10 µg/dl, air - 0.5 mg/m3, EPA - drinking water 15 µg/L, not allowed in paint or automobile gasoline, No EPA RfD or RfC, No ATSDR MRL, California drinking water 2 µg/L.
General facts: long history of use, major problem in paint of older housing, areas around old smelters can be contaminated.
Environmental: global environmental contaminant.
Recommendations: avoid, wash hands.

REFERENCES / ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

European, Asian, and International Agencies

International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS). (accessed: 4 April 2003).
"The two main roles of the IPCS are to establish the scientific health and environmental risk assessment basis for safe use of chemicals (normative functions) and to strengthen national capabilities for chemical safety (technical cooperation)."
Australia - New South Wales (NSW) Environment Protection Authority - Lead, your health and the environment. (accessed: 23 April 2003).
This site provides educational material about the sources of lead and strategies for living with lead.

North American Agencies

U.S. National Library of Medicine's (NLM) Enviro-Health Links - Lead and Environmental Health. (accessed: 21 May 2006).
California's Proposition 65 - Public Health Goals for lead in the water 2 ppb. (accessed: 22 October 2004).
Health Canada - Lead. (accessed: 9 April 2003).
Health Canada provides information on the health effects of lead and remediation programs.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). All-Ages Lead Model (AALM) Version 1.05 (External Review Draft) (Accessed: 2 October, 2005).
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and HUD - Protect Your Family From Lead in Your Home (Accessed: 31 October 2004).
Multiple page brochure on your rights and protecting your family for lead.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic Model for Lead in Children (IEUBK) (accessed: 6 October 2004).
Site attempts to predict blood-lead concentrations (PbBs) for children exposed to lead in their environment - interactive model can be downloaded.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics - Lead Program. (accessed: 4 April 2003).
Site has information on lead health effects and lead abatement.
U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Health Topic: Lead. (accessed: 17 October 2004).
Site has information on health effects of lead.
U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). CDC Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program. (accessed: 17 October 2004).
Site has information on CDC lead program.
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) - Office of Healthy Homes and Lead Hazard Control. (accessed: 4 April 2003).
Site contains information on lead in English and Spanish.
U.S. EPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline - Phone: 1-800-426-4791
U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety & Health Administration. (accessed: 4 April 2003).
This site addresses work place lead exposure.
National Safety Council - Lead Poisoning - happens more than you think. accessed: 12 September 2004).
Mission - To educate and influence society to adopt safety, health and environmental policies, practices and procedures that prevent and mitigate human suffering and economic losses arising from preventable causes.
U.S. Agency for Toxic Substance Disease Registry (ATSDR). (accessed: 4 April 2003).
Toxicology Profile Series - Lead - ToxFAQs (fact sheet) The Lead Poisoning Prevention Outreach Program funded by the Environmental Health Center (EHC).
History of Lead Advertising - Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. (accessed: 29 February 2004).

Back to top

Have questions? Contact TECH SUPPORT:

techsupport@giantbatteryco.com

Privacy | Terms of Use | Ethics | Legal

Last Updated: Monday, December 03, 2007 - 6:53 AM Eastern Time.